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Toullwkomitmap mam! GEORGE s, Evrss,-grj NEW Y RK, n.

" pus-no compost-rich anai/"u LGANITE.-

srncrrrea'rroir forming part of Letters ea en G no, 256,470,

Application filed September-E3881. Speeimene.l

Be it known that I, GEORGE in the county of New-York and State of New" York, have invented certainn'ew and useful Improvemen ts in canites, of which the followingisa specification.

"My inven-tion consists,generally,

The objects ,of my invention are to render gamer-such as gum-kauri :orgum nianilaplastic, and also to make vulcanites from them. inmaking a plastic material from. gums by mixing with 1 -thempalm-oil and then heat-'i-ng-fthemixture, and also in vnlcanizin'g gums 'byti'eating the plastic material formed according to known gfmethods of vulcanization, oraccording'to a.

"new method hereinafter described.

- My inventionconsists particularly in mar.-

-- ing vulcanites from gums by proceedin gs hereinafter described.

One method by whiolimy invention is car-' ried into effect :is to mix gum-kauri or any of Y ,theMa'nila gums with palm-oilin about the fproportion'of two-0r three of i the gum to one the of the palm-oih'the proportion of oil being. in-

creased generallyaccording-to the hardness of gum. The mixture'isthen melted andv slowly heated to about-400 Fahrenheit (with suitable stirring -toprevent burning) for a'period of from three-quarters of an hour to an .hourand a half,.-or. until the mixture-becomes clear and limpid-the longer the heating the better being' the result. F'Should the mixture [begintofroth,theheatshouldbe reduced. The

' in the arts.

'finished mixture" may be used for the various purposes for which plastic materials are used After the mixture has'been sufficiently cooked it may at once he vulcanized, either, in. the ordinary way or by havingalumina added to it in the proportion of about one-sixteenththe weight'of themixture, th e jaluminabeing added gradually,

and care be- "in'g taken thoroughly to'incorporate it with? the mixture, after whichabout one toone anda half," per cent. of sulphur, or its equivalent,

isgadded, and the heat continued until a satisfactory vulcanite is obtained. .I prefer, how- Q ever, to let the mixture of gum and-palm-oil I cool after it is cooked,-working in the alumina I s. fEvA1vs,a citi zen of the United States, residing at-New York,

Plastic Compositions and Vulgrollers, why other common means. "cases, if sufficient time be allowed, vulcanizaof about one-eighth of onefper cent;,-or of the chloride, according tothe hardness-ot' in asolution of the chloride.

water-proof. paint.

dated April 18,1882. '9

while it is in that condition, then melting the mixture, with suitable stirring, then allowing it to cool, then incorporating the sulphur or its equivalent, and, finally, heating to vulcanlze.

to escape freely from the mixture during vn'lcanization.

Alumina assists vulcanization, allowing ,gases produced by the ,vul'canizing substance Itis obvious that the cooked: mixture may 1 be subsequently treated on heated plates, or V have Ithe alumina-or sulphur', 'or both, suitheated In all ably incorp'orated bypassing through tioncan be efie'cted by vuloanizing substances without heat.

'Mypeculiar method ofvvnlcanizin g. the suit- 5 ably 'cooke'd mixture of to iueorporate with the plastic materiahwhen a gum and palm-oil is cold, chloride. of aluminium inf the proportion the vulcanite desired, and then heat theniixa.

time to about 212 Fahrenheit onIh plates or in.ovens,or otherwise-as by heated rollers-until suitably to removeany free chlorideofaluminium present.

vulcanized, after which the vulcanite may be treated with hot water ated- The plastic material and the chloride-may be placed in a closed digester containing water,

and be heated to the proper temperature with its corresponding steam-pressure until thedesired vulcanization ensues, as will be 'uurubber. The product will be ulcanite ofa light color, presumably better-than vulcanite produced with a dry heat; a

Instead of mixing the dry miniuln with the plastic materiahthevulcanite; can be made by heating the plastic material chlorideoti alubyheating gums is readily soluble in turpentine the solution may thus beI-ap pliedderstood byall .persons skilled in vulcanizing and the vulcanite produced from it are like rubber electric insulators. For electric insulating purposes the invention may be applied either in a condition of suitable vulcanization or as the plastic material subsequently to be vulcanized in its proper situation or not, as circumstances demand, by any of the wellknown means-as by sulphur or iodine, with or without heat; or it may be vulcanized by my.chloride-ofaluminium process above described. c

When it is desirable to apply my invention for electric insulating purposes the wire or other conductor may of course be first covered with fibrous material, like cotton or silkorthe cotton or silk itself may be saturated with my insulating substance before being applied to the wire} and in these cases, also, the plastic material alone may be used to cover conductors such as are used for telegraphic, telephonic,-and other purposes; or it may be applied to them as a vulcanite, or the plastic material may be applied to them and vulcanized after ward.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim is- 1. The process of making from gums-such asgum-kauri or gum-manila-a plastic material suitable for waterproofing or for vulcanization, which consists in mixing such gum with palm-oil and then heating the mixture, as set forth.

, 2. A plastic material capable of forming with a suitable solvent, like oil or turpentine,

a waterproofing substance or capable of being vulcanized, consisting of a gumsuch as gum-kauri or gum-mauilst-unitedor combined with palm-oil, substantially as and in the pro- J 5. The method of'vulcanizing substances,

which consists in treating them with chloride of aluminium, substantially as described.

6. A vulcanite consisting of a suitable vulcanizable substance united or combined with,

chloride of aluminium.

7. The process of vulcanizing gums, which consists in rendering them plastic and then treating them with chloride of'aluminium, as described.

8. The process of converting'gums-such as gum-kauri or gum-manila-into a suitable vulcanite, which consists in making a plastic material of the gum by uniting it with palm-oil, then heating the mixture until sufficiently cooked, and then incorporating with it chloride of aluminium, either dry' or wet, with or without heat, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I affix mysignature in presence of two witnesses.

GEORGE s. EVANS.

' Witnesses:

D. P. GowL, GEo. R. BYINGTON- 

